Property

{
  "$schema": "https://openinherit.org/v1/dialect.json",
  "$id": "https://openinherit.org/v1/property.json",
  "title": "Property",
  "description": "Real estate. Supports individual ownership, communal/family property (Nigeria), HUF coparcenary (India), government-vested land (Land Use Act), US community property, and informal/unregistered holdings.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "id": { "type": "string", "format": "uuid" },
    "name": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "description": "Display name (e.g. 'Family Home', '42 Acacia Avenue')"
    },
    "propertyType": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "detached_house", "semi_detached_house", "terraced_house",
        "flat", "maisonette", "bungalow", "cottage",
        "farmhouse", "barn_conversion", "land",
        "commercial", "mixed_use", "houseboat", "mobile_home", "other"
      ]
    },
    "address": { "$ref": "common/address.json" },
    "estimatedValue": { "$ref": "common/money.json" },
    "professionalValuation": { "$ref": "common/money.json" },
    "valuationDate": { "type": "string", "format": "date" },
    "valuationConfidence": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["estimated", "professional", "probate", "unknown"]
    },
    "isPrimaryResidence": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "$comment": "Annotation only — JSON Schema 'default' does not insert values. Consuming apps must implement defaulting."
    },
    "ownershipType": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["sole", "joint_tenants", "tenants_in_common", "trust", "tenancy_by_entirety"],
      "$comment": "tenancy_by_entirety = US spousal joint tenancy (PA, FL, MA, IL, OH, etc.). Survives creditors of the deceased spouse."
    },
    "ownershipPercentage": {
      "type": "number",
      "minimum": 0,
      "maximum": 100,
      "multipleOf": 0.01,
      "$comment": "Capped at 2 decimal places. For legal disputes requiring higher precision, use notes."
    },
    "ownershipModel": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "individual", "joint", "communal_family",
        "huf_coparcenary", "tribal", "government_vested", "trust_held"
      ],
      "$comment": "communal_family = Nigerian family land, clan property. huf_coparcenary = Hindu Undivided Family joint property (India). government_vested = Nigerian Certificate of Occupancy. tribal = indigenous/tribal communal land."
    },
    "acquisitionType": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "self_acquired", "ancestral_joint", "ancestral_severed",
        "inherited", "gifted", "stridhan", "communal", "waqf_endowed"
      ],
      "$comment": "Determines which succession law applies in India. ancestral_joint = coparcenary (devolves by survivorship). self_acquired = succession (devolves by will/intestacy). stridhan = Hindu woman's absolute property."
    },
    "tenureType": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "freehold", "leasehold", "certificate_of_occupancy",
        "customary_right_of_occupancy", "communal",
        "government_allocated", "traditional_authority_granted",
        "informal_unregistered"
      ],
      "$comment": "Nigerian Land Use Act 1978: all urban land vested in state governor — you hold a Certificate of Occupancy, not freehold."
    },
    "registrationStatus": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["formally_registered", "informally_held", "community_acknowledged", "disputed", "undocumented"]
    },
    "ownershipEvidence": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["title_deed", "certificate_of_occupancy", "family_recognition", "community_testimony", "receipts_only", "none"]
    },
    "applicableSuccessionLaw": {
      "type": "object",
      "$comment": "Which succession law governs this property. Immoveables typically governed by lex rei sitae (law where the property is situated).",
      "properties": {
        "jurisdiction": { "$ref": "common/jurisdiction.json" },
        "lawName": { "type": "string", "$comment": "e.g., 'Hindu Succession Act 1956', 'Japanese Civil Code'" },
        "section": { "type": "string", "$comment": "e.g., 's.6 (coparcenary)'" }
      },
      "required": ["jurisdiction"],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "custodianPersonId": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid",
      "$comment": "For communal/family property: the current custodian (not owner). On death, custodianship passes by custom, not by will."
    },
    "successionRule": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "testamentary", "intestacy", "customary_eldest_son",
        "customary_family_council", "customary_matrilineal",
        "survivorship", "not_individually_bequeathable"
      ],
      "$comment": "How this property passes on death. 'not_individually_bequeathable' = communal property that cannot be included in a will."
    },
    "governmentConsentRequired": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "$comment": "Nigerian Land Use Act: governor's consent required for all transfers of rights. Some Indian states require similar for agricultural land."
    },
    "mobilityType": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["immoveable", "moveable", "mixed"],
      "$comment": "Relevant for Shia inheritance (immoveable property rules differ), French succession (lex rei sitae), and halachic bekhor rules."
    },
    "mortgageOutstanding": { "$ref": "common/money.json" },
    "characterClassification": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": ["community", "separate", "quasi_community", "mixed", "not_applicable"],
      "$comment": "US community property states (CA, TX, AZ, WA, NV, NM, LA, ID, WI): community = 50/50. quasi_community = CA-specific (property acquired in a non-community state but treated as community on divorce/death). 'not_applicable' for jurisdictions without this distinction."
    },
    "homesteadStatus": {
      "type": "object",
      "$comment": "Homestead exemption protects primary residence from creditors and may restrict devise. Florida: unlimited value. Texas: 200 acres rural / 10 acres urban.",
      "properties": {
        "isHomestead": { "type": "boolean" },
        "exemptionAmount": { "$ref": "common/money.json" },
        "exemptionUnlimited": {
          "type": "boolean",
          "$comment": "Florida, Texas (rural), Iowa, Kansas, Oklahoma, South Dakota."
        },
        "deviseRestriction": {
          "type": "boolean",
          "$comment": "Florida: cannot devise homestead away from spouse/minor children."
        },
        "notes": { "type": "string" }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "passesOutsideEstate": {
      "type": "boolean",
      "$comment": "True if this property passes outside probate (JTWROS, TOD deed, trust-held). NOT distributed under the will."
    },
    "statutoryLifeEstate": {
      "type": "object",
      "$comment": "Statutory life estate imposed by law (Alberta Dower Act, Florida homestead devise restriction). Not the same as a testamentary life interest.",
      "properties": {
        "beneficiaryPersonId": { "type": "string", "format": "uuid" },
        "basis": { "type": "string", "$comment": "Legal basis — e.g., 'Alberta Dower Act', 'Florida Constitution Art. X s.4'" },
        "conditions": { "type": "string" }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "notes": { "type": "string" }
  },
  "required": ["id", "name"],
  "patternProperties": {
    "^x-inherit-": {}
  },
  "unevaluatedProperties": false
}