Person

{
  "$schema": "https://openinherit.org/v1/dialect.json",
  "$id": "https://openinherit.org/v1/person.json",
  "title": "Person",
  "description": "A person involved in the estate. Schema.org name alignment. Any Unicode script. Supports CJK phonetic readings, chieftaincy titles, clan/lineage identifiers, dual legal personalities, and tax residency across multiple jurisdictions.",
  "type": "object",
  "properties": {
    "id": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "uuid"
    },
    "givenName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "description": "First/given name (Schema.org: givenName)"
    },
    "familyName": {
      "type": "string",
      "minLength": 1,
      "$comment": "Optional — Tamil naming uses a single name. Systems must handle absent familyName.",
      "description": "Last/family/surname (Schema.org: familyName)"
    },
    "additionalName": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Middle name(s) (Schema.org: additionalName)"
    },
    "preferredName": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "Name the person prefers to be called"
    },
    "phoneticReading": {
      "type": "object",
      "$comment": "Required for CJK names. Japanese: furigana/romaji. Chinese: pinyin. Korean: romanisation. Ensures names can be read by non-native systems.",
      "properties": {
        "givenName": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "familyName": {
          "type": "string"
        },
        "fullName": {
          "type": "string"
        }
      },
      "minProperties": 1,
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "titles": {
      "type": "array",
      "$comment": "Chieftaincy titles (Nigerian), honorifics (Japanese), caste/clan titles (Indian), religious titles, academic degrees.",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "title": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "type": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "chieftaincy",
              "traditional",
              "religious",
              "professional",
              "honorific",
              "clan",
              "academic",
              "military",
              "other"
            ]
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "title"
        ],
        "additionalProperties": false
      }
    },
    "clanOrLineage": {
      "type": "string",
      "$comment": "Tribal clan, Indian gotra/caste, family lineage. Determines inheritance rights in customary/Hindu systems."
    },
    "dateOfBirth": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "date",
      "description": "ISO 8601 date of birth"
    },
    "dateOfDeath": {
      "type": "string",
      "format": "date",
      "description": "ISO 8601 date of death (if deceased)"
    },
    "gender": {
      "type": "string",
      "enum": [
        "male",
        "female",
        "non_binary",
        "other",
        "prefer_not_to_say",
        "unknown"
      ],
      "$comment": "Optional but needed for gender-dependent inheritance (Islamic faraid, Hindu succession pre-2005). Halachic/Islamic gender categories available via x-inherit-* extensions."
    },
    "domicile": {
      "$ref": "common/jurisdiction.json",
      "$comment": "Domicile (not residence/nationality) determines succession law for moveables in conflict-of-laws. A British citizen domiciled in France has moveables governed by French forced heirship."
    },
    "roles": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "type": "string",
        "enum": [
          "testator",
          "beneficiary",
          "executor",
          "guardian",
          "trustee",
          "witness",
          "attorney",
          "proxy",
          "protector",
          "enforcer"
        ]
      },
      "minItems": 1,
      "uniqueItems": true,
      "$comment": "Core roles define the person's function in the estate. Extension-specific roles (bekhor, karta, okpara, mutawalli) should be added via x-inherit-* blocks alongside core roles. The array is intentionally extensible — a person can be both 'executor' (core) and 'karta' (x-inherit-india-hindu). Extensions should NOT attempt to add values to this enum."
    },
    "contact": {
      "type": "object",
      "properties": {
        "email": {
          "type": "string",
          "format": "email"
        },
        "phone": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Phone number (E.164 recommended)"
        },
        "address": {
          "$ref": "common/address.json"
        }
      },
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "identifiers": {
      "type": "array",
      "items": {
        "$ref": "common/identifier.json"
      },
      "description": "External identifiers (passport, national ID, etc.)"
    },
    "ritualName": {
      "type": "object",
      "$comment": "Structured religious name. Hebrew: 'Dovid ben Avraham'. Arabic nasab: 'Ahmed ibn Muhammad'. Hindu: gotra + name. Used for halachic documents, Shariah court filings, religious ceremonies.",
      "properties": {
        "name": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "The full ritual/religious name"
        },
        "patronymic": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Patronymic element (ben/bat, ibn/bint, etc.)"
        },
        "nameSystem": {
          "type": "string",
          "description": "Naming tradition: hebrew, arabic_nasab, hindu, buddhist, etc."
        }
      },
      "required": [
        "name"
      ],
      "additionalProperties": false
    },
    "legalPersonalities": {
      "type": "array",
      "$comment": "A person can have different legal identities across systems. Under statutory law: property owner. Under customary law: okpara (first son) with custodial authority. Under religious law: a Kohen.",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "system": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "statutory",
              "customary",
              "religious",
              "traditional"
            ]
          },
          "role": {
            "type": "string"
          },
          "jurisdiction": {
            "$ref": "common/jurisdiction.json"
          },
          "notes": {
            "type": "string"
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "system",
          "role"
        ],
        "additionalProperties": false
      }
    },
    "taxResidency": {
      "type": "array",
      "$comment": "Tax residency in one or more jurisdictions. Handles FATCA (US), CRS, JP/US estate tax treaty, expat tax. A person may be tax-resident in multiple jurisdictions simultaneously.",
      "items": {
        "type": "object",
        "properties": {
          "jurisdiction": {
            "$ref": "common/jurisdiction.json"
          },
          "taxpayerIdentifier": {
            "type": "string",
            "$comment": "SSN (US), TFN (AU), My Number (JP), NINO (UK)"
          },
          "treatyPosition": {
            "type": "string",
            "$comment": "Relevant treaty claim, e.g., 'US-JP Estate Tax Treaty Art. 4'"
          },
          "fatcaStatus": {
            "type": "string",
            "enum": [
              "us_person",
              "non_us_person",
              "exempt",
              "unknown"
            ],
            "$comment": "FATCA classification. US persons have worldwide reporting obligations."
          }
        },
        "required": [
          "jurisdiction"
        ],
        "additionalProperties": false
      }
    },
    "language": {
      "type": "string",
      "description": "BCP 47 language tag for preferred language"
    },
    "notes": {
      "type": "string"
    }
  },
  "required": [
    "id",
    "givenName",
    "roles"
  ],
  "patternProperties": {
    "^x-inherit-": {}
  },
  "unevaluatedProperties": false
}